An Armour from a finery? - a late medieval couter from Ogrodzieniec Castle in the Kraków-Częstochowa Jura

The paper deals with a couter of a late fourteenth to early fifteenth century date which was found in Ogrodzieniec Castle, Zawiercie District, Poland (now in the collection of the Upper Silesian Museum in Bytom, MG 7755). The find survived in a vestigial condition, but it was still possible to propose some typological analogies to it. Metallographic examinations demonstrated that the artefact had been manufactured from almost carbon-free iron with a high content of phosphorus. An analysis of slag inclusions in the find suggests that the couter may have been made from refined blast furnace iron. It may thus be an early example of the application of indirect process iron in the manufacture of plate armour

Una posible espada de periodo romano de Grzybowo (Grzybowen), Masuria, NE. de Polonia. Contexto arqueológico y tecnológico

The paper discusses a recent stray find of a sword fragment with a possible stamp from Masuria in NE Poland. It was found close to a Roman Period cemetery of the Bogaczewo Culture. On typological grounds, the sword can be classified as a Roman Period weapon. However, the results of metallographic examinations suggest that the find may have been made either from very clean bloomery steel (or hypoeutectoid crucible steel) or from mass-made Industrial Age steel (Bessemer, Thomas, Siemens-Martin, etc.). On the other hand, the chemical composition of the sword would rather imply a pre-Industrial Period steel. In conclusion, it is carefully suggested that the weapon may be a genuine Ancient sword, although its final recognition as a Roman Period weapon could only be verified by finds made from similar metal in undoubted Roman Period contexts.En este trabajo se analiza el fragmento de una espada con posible sello de Masuria hallada en el NE de Polonia. Fue encontrada cerca de una necrópolis romana de la Cultura Bogaczewo. Tipológicamente es una espada romana. Sin embargo, los resultados de los análisis metalográficos sugieren que fue fabricada o bien con un limpio hierro forjado (o hipotéticamente con hierro fundido) o con acero preindustrial (Bessemer, Thomas, Siemens-Martin, etc.). Por otro lado, la composición química de la misma implicaría el empleo de acero pre-industrial. Para concluir, se sugiere, con cautela, que la espada puede ser una espada antigua, pero esta conclusión solo puede verificarse si aparecen hallazgos similares del periodo romano

A copper alloy light cannon from Grodno: an example of early firearms from Eastern Europe

The paper discusses a recent find of a copper alloy light cannon discovered at the Old Castle in Grodno, Belarus. The research aim was to analyse the artefact in all its possible aspects, including archaeological and historical contexts, possible analogies, and the gun’s technology of manufacture. This latter was done against a broad comparative background of what is known on manufacturing technologies of late medieval and modern period copper alloy firearms. First, the archaeological and historical contexts of the discovery are dealt with. Then, the morphology and typochronology of the cannon are discussed and relevant analogies are proposed. Next, the technology of manufacture of the cannon is studied on the basis of metallographic examinations and EDS analyses of the metal’s elemental composition. It was found out that the artefact had been made of leaded copper. The cannon can be dated with reasonable certainty to the late 14th c., as implied both by the find context, the morphology and the chemical composition of the artefact. Its deposition can be related to fights over the Old Castle in Grodno in this period, waged by Teutonic, Polish and Lithuanian forces. It can tentatively be proposed that the cannon was manufactured in a Teutonic Order’s workshop, but further research is necessary to verify this supposition

ELECTROCHEMICAL CODEPOSITION OF MOLYBDENUM AND SELENIUM

The electrodeposition of the Mo-Se thin films from sulfate solution containing Na2MoO4 and H2SeO3 was studied. The process of deposition were conducted under potentiostatic condition on copper electrode. The effect of different potential, pH and time of deposition were examined. The deposits were characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy

The Mechanism of Phase Transfer Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using a Fatty Amine as Extractant/Phase Transfer Agent

The paper presents the research results on synthesizing silver nanoparticles in aqueous solutions and their extraction into the organic phase. Studies have shown that it is best to perform the extraction process using n-hexane > cyclohexane > toluene > chloroform > ethyl acetate. The results show a correlation between the dielectric constant of the organic phase and its ability to extract nanoparticles. The lower the dielectric constant is, the higher the extractability. The hydrodynamic radius of the silver nanoparticles changes after transfer to the organic phase, depending greatly on the organic phase used. The extraction mechanism is complex and multi-step. As the first step, the Ag nanoparticles are transferred to the phase boundary. As the second step, the octadecylamine (ODA) molecules adsorb on the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) surface. The change in particle shape was also noted. This suggests that the interfacial processes are more complex than previously reported. Below the initial concentration of ODA 2 × 10−4 M, the formation of a third phase has been observed. In a one-stage experiment, the concentration of silver nanoparticles after transferring to the organic phase was increased 500 times in about 10 s. The role of the concentration of ODA, therefore, is not only a measure of the extraction efficiency and productivity but functions as an enabler to maintain favorable biphasic processing, which underlines the role of the solvent again

The mechanism of phase transfer synthesis of silver nanoparticles using a fatty amine as extractant/phase transfer agent

The paper presents the research results on synthesizing silver nanoparticles in aqueous solutions and their extraction into the organic phase. Studies have shown that it is best to perform the extraction process using n-hexane > cyclohexane > toluene > chloroform > ethyl acetate. The results show a correlation between the dielectric constant of the organic phase and its ability to extract nanoparticles. The lower the dielectric constant is, the higher the extractability. The hydrodynamic radius of the silver nanoparticles changes after transfer to the organic phase, depending greatly on the organic phase used. The extraction mechanism is complex and multi-step. As the first step, the Ag nanoparticles are transferred to the phase boundary. As the second step, the octadecylamine (ODA) molecules adsorb on the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) surface. The change in particle shape was also noted. This suggests that the interfacial processes are more complex than previously reported. Below the initial concentration of ODA 2 × 10−4 M, the formation of a third phase has been observed. In a one-stage experiment, the concentration of silver nanoparticles after transferring to the organic phase was increased 500 times in about 10 s. The role of the concentration of ODA, therefore, is not only a measure of the extraction efficiency and productivity but functions as an enabler to maintain favorable biphasic processing, which underlines the role of the solvent again

Sterowanie systemami mechatronicznymi w czasie rzeczywistym : podejście klasyczne i inteligentne : praca doktorska /

Recenzenci pracy: Cezary Zieliński, Wojciech Mitkowski.Praca doktorska. Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica (Kraków), 2006.Bibliogr. k. 121-126.Wymagania systemowe dla dokumentu towarzyszącego: Windows Media Player v. 10; Power DVD.Mechatroniczne stanowiska badawcze, modele, moduły przemieszczeń liniowych, SUP1, SUP2, obróbczy stół pozycjonujący, POZ, manipulator sztywny 3DOF, ROB, laboratoryjna suwnica trójwymiarowa, SUW, oprogramowanie do sterowania w czasie rzeczywistym, MS Windows, RTLinux, system szybkiego prototypowania, MATLAB/Simulink/RT-CON, oprogramowanie systemu sterowania układu, klasyczne regulatory PD/PID dla serwomechanizmów, strojenie dyskretnego regulatora PD, PID, strojenie dyskretnych regulatorów PD/PID jak dla układów ciągłych, klasyczny regulator PII2D dla serwomechanizmów, strojenie ciągłego regulatora PII2D, jak dla układu ciągłego, inteligentne regulatory rozmyte dla serwomechanizmów, liniowy regulator Takagi-Sugeno, regulatory rozmyte równoważne liniowym PD/PID/PII2D, inteligentne rozmyte struktury, inteligentny adaptacyjny regulator neuralny dla układów mechatronicznych, koncepcja sterowania z adaptacyjnym regulatorem neuralnym, struktura i realizacja praktyczna układu regulacji, wyniki badań eksperymentalnych, tarcie, kompensacja w układach, modelowanie, identyfikacja, niekorzystne efekty działania tarcia, klasyczne metody kompensacji, sterowanie w układach wielowymiarowych, kompensacja zakłóceń liniowych w układzie ROB, w zagadnieniach sterowania systemem SUW, analityczne wzory dla strojenia, ujęcie tabelaryczne, galeria detali, CD-RO

Nowa perspektywa zastosowania metody Activity Based Costing w firmach produkcyjnych wykorzystujących systemy klasy MES

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest omówienie nowej perspektywy praktycznego wykorzystania metody Activity Based Costing do rozliczania kosztów w firmach produkcyjnych wykorzystujących nowoczesne systemy klasy MES. W omawianym przykładzie wykorzystano dane pochodzące z firmy z branży metalowej. Zaprezentowano, jak wykorzystanie oprogramowania służącego do automatycznej rejestracji danych z maszyn może w dużym stopniu wyeliminować wady metody Activity Based Costing oraz przyczynić się do znacznej optymalizacji w zakresie kalkulacji kosztów produktu. Obliczenia wykonano na przykładzie jednej maszyny produkcyjnej realizującej trzy różne zlecenia produkcyjne. Wykazano, że działanie na styku IT i analiz finansowych może przynieść pożądane korzyści w zakresie automatyzacji analizy danych oraz eliminacji błędów ludzkich dzięki wykorzystaniu platform sprzętowo-programowych integrujących najnowsze rozwiązania z zakresu IT i automatyki przemysłowej